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Respiratory Infections & ARDS

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Respiratory Infections & ARDS

Respiratory infections affect the lungs and airways, ranging from mild conditions like bronchitis to severe illnesses like pneumonia. In critical cases, these infections can lead to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) — a life-threatening condition where the lungs cannot provide enough oxygen to the body due to widespread inflammation and fluid buildup.

Common Causes

  • Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections (e.g., influenza, COVID-19, tuberculosis)
  • Aspiration of food, liquids, or vomit into the lungs
  • Sepsis (blood infection spreading to lungs)
  • Inhalation of harmful substances (smoke, chemicals)
  • Trauma or severe pneumonia

Key Symptoms

  • Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
  • Persistent cough, often with phlegm
  • High fever and chills
  • Chest pain or tightness
  • Fatigue and confusion (especially in elderly patients)
  • Low oxygen levels or bluish skin (in ARDS)

Treatment Approaches

  • Antibiotics or antiviral medications (based on infection cause)
  • Oxygen therapy or ventilator support (in severe ARDS cases)
  • ICU care with close monitoring of breathing and vital signs
  • Steroids or anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce lung damage
  • Respiratory physiotherapy and post-infection rehabilitation

Prevention Tips

  • Get vaccinated against influenza, pneumonia, and COVID-19
  • Practice good hand hygiene and mask use in crowded areas
  • Avoid smoking and exposure to pollutants
  • Seek early medical attention for respiratory symptoms
  • Manage chronic lung conditions to lower complication risks