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Interstitial Lung Diseases

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Interstitial Lung Diseases

Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD) refer to a group of chronic lung disorders that cause inflammation and scarring (fibrosis) of the lung tissue, particularly the interstitium — the space around the air sacs. This results in stiff lungs, making it difficult to breathe and get enough oxygen.

Common Causes of ILD

  • Autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma)
  • Long-term exposure to toxins (silica dust, asbestos, mold)
  • Certain medications (chemotherapy drugs, antibiotics)
  • Radiation therapy
  • Genetic predisposition
  • Idiopathic (unknown causes) — such as Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)

Symptoms to Watch For

  • Persistent dry cough
  • Shortness of breath, especially on exertion
  • Fatigue and general weakness
  • Chest discomfort or tightness
  • Unintended weight loss
  • Clubbing of fingers in advanced stages

Treatment Options

  • Anti-fibrotic medications to slow disease progression
  • Corticosteroids or immunosuppressants (in autoimmune-related ILD)
  • Oxygen therapy for breathing support
  • Pulmonary rehabilitation to improve stamina and lung function
  • Lifestyle modifications (smoking cessation, avoiding triggers)
  • Lung transplantation in advanced, non-responsive cases

Early and accurate diagnosis, often via HRCT scan, lung function tests (PFT), and bronchoscopy, is crucial for effective management.

Prevention & Care

  • Avoid exposure to environmental and occupational lung irritants
  • Use protective equipment (masks, filters) in high-risk workplaces
  • Get vaccinated (influenza, pneumococcal)
  • Manage underlying autoimmune conditions
  • Seek medical attention for chronic cough or breathlessness
  • Regular follow-ups for high-risk individuals